Description

A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/phosphate) group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/acetylcholine), insulin, and oxytocin (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/oxytocin) and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)